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More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants (including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total. Among animals, insects are the most species-rich taxonomic group, making up more than 70 per cent of the total. That means, out of every 10 animals on this planet, 7 are insects.h India has only 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area, its share of the global species diversity is an impressive 8.1 per cent. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world.India has 4 biodiversity hotspots .

Bryophytes are non-vascular plants. Pteridophytes are vascular plants. The plant body is leafy or thalloid.Pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in having well-differentiated body structures such as roots, stems, and leaves. They do not have vascular structures within the body. They have well developed vascular tissues to supply water and minerals to body parts. They have primitive rhizoid structures to anchor to the ground.Angiosperms are vascular plants. They have stems, roots, and leaves.Angiosperm eggs are fertilized and develop into a seed in an ovary that is usually in a flower.

Bioconcentration is the accumulation of a chemical in or on an organism when the source of chemical is solely water. Bioconcentration is a term that was created for use in the field of aquatic toxicology.

Biogeochemical cycles mainly refer to the movement of nutrients and other elements between biotic and abiotic factors.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects.Example benzene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, xylene, and 1,3-butadiene.