DAY 111Quick read

Rare Earth metals group of chemically similar metallic elements comprising the lanthanide series and (usually) scandium and yttrium. They are not especially rare, but they tend to occur together in nature and are difficult to separate from one another.
China dominates the production of these elements.
One of the Rare Earths, promethium, is radioactive.

75 tribal groups have been categorized by the Ministry of Home Affairs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG)s. PVTGs reside in 18 States and UT of A&N Islands. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs implements the Scheme of “Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)” exclusively for them .
Asur tribes are usually found in the state of Jharkhand in the eastern part of the subcontinent of India.
Maram tribe is one of the tribes that form the Naga tribe of Northeast India. The Marams occupy a large portion of Senapati district of Manipur.
Reang/Riang- Tripura

Western Disturbance is an extra tropical storm, which give rain to North and Northwest India during winter. It is very useful for wheat and winter crops. It is driven by westerlies (westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.)

Western Disturbance originate from Mediterranean sea, Black sea and Caspiun sea. From this region and from Atlantic ocean it collect the moisture and move eastward.

The approach of WD is characterised by rise in minimum temperature and occurrence of rainfall. But once the WD crosses a place then minimum temperature starts dropping. The formation of fog starts and slowly the cold wave occurs spreading to southwards in the country.

A nimbostratus cloud is a multi-level, gray, often dark, amorphous, nearly uniform cloud that usually produces continuous rain, snow, or sleet but no lightning or thunder.
What weather is associated with nimbostratus clouds? These mid-level clouds are often accompanied by continuous moderate rain or snow and appear to cover most of the sky. Nimbostratus will often bring precipitation which may last for several hours until the associated front passes over.

Siberian type climate is typified by bitterly cold winters of long duration & cool brief summer; lies across 60* N of equator. Annual range of temperature is quite high due to extremes of temperature observed in this type of climate, as temp. well below freezing point in winters & approx. 15* in summers. Rainfall is well distributed throughout the year.

The Padma and the Brahmaputra join inside Bangladesh, and continue to flow as the Padma or Ganga. The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet, where it is known as Tsangpo and runs a long distance till it crosses over into India in Arunachal Pradesh.
The principal tributaries of Brahmaputra in India are the Subansiri, Jia Bhareli, Dhansiri, Puthimari, Pagladiya and the Manas. The Brahmaputra in Bangladesh receives the flow of Tista, etc., and finally falls into Ganga. (Refer Atlas)
The Coastal streams, especially on the west coast are short in length and have limited catchment’s areas. Most of them are non-perennial. The streams of inland drainage basin of western Rajasthan are few. Most of them are of an ephemeral character.

The river Jhelum rises from a spring at Verinag situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part of the valley of Kashmir. It flows through Srinagar and the Wular Lake before entering Pakistan from Kashmir through a deep narrow gorge.

Assumption Island is a small island in the Outer Islands of Seychelles north of Madagascar.
Hope Island is a small tadpole shaped Island situated off the coast of Kakinada, India, in Bay of Bengal.
The Coco Islands are a small group of islands in the northeastern Bay of Bengal. They are part of the Yangon Region of Myanmar.

An ocean current called the Humboldt Current (or the Peru Current) carries cold water northward along the western coast of South America. This mix of mountains, winds, and ocean currents combines to make the Atacama incredibly dry. The Atacama is also one of the oldest deserts in the world.

The large coastal desert  Namib is one of the oldest in the world, and is caused by a cool ocean current, called the Benguela Current, snaking its way up from the south along southern Africa’s Atlantic Coast.

Gobi desert is an Interior desert.

Positioned in far-western Asia, just to the east of the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea is located in the countries of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.