DAY 109Quick read

Lithification is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.

Histosols are found in water saturated environments and marshy tracts containing a good amount of organic matter.
Alfisols are found on the margins of vertisols where they tend to develop under varied sub-humid to humid types of climate.

The Coriolis effect occurs when an object traveling in a straight path is viewed from a moving frame of reference. The moving frame of reference causes the object to appear as if it is traveling along a curved path.
• The Coriolis effect becomes more extreme as you move further away from the equator toward the poles.
• Wind and ocean currents are strongly affected by the Coriolis effect. The main cause of the Coriolis effect is the Earth’s rotation. As the Earth spins in a counter-clockwise direction on its axis, anything flying or flowing over a long distance above its surface is deflected. This occurs because as something moves freely above the Earth’s surface, the Earth moves east under the object at a faster speed.
As latitude increases and the speed of the Earth’s rotation decreases, the Coriolis effect increases.

Shifting cultivation is called by different names in different parts of the world. It is generally known as ‘slash and burn’ and ‘bush fal­low’ agriculture. It is variously termed as Ladcmg in Indonesia, Caingin in Philippines, Milpa in Central America and Mexico, Ray in Vietnam, Conuco in Venezuela, Roca in Brazil, Masole in the Congo and Central Africa.
It is also practiced in the highlands of Manchuria, Korea and southwest China. It is known as Jhum or Jum in the hilly states of Northeast India, as Podu, Dabi, Koman or Bringa in Orissa, as Kumari in Western Ghats, as Watra in southeast Rajasthan, as Penda, Bewar or Dahia and Deppa or Kumari in the Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh.

The holy city of Ujjain is situated on its east bank. Every 12 years, the Sinhastha fair (Kumbh Mela) takes place on the city’s elaborate riverside ghats, as do yearly celebrations of the river goddess Kshipra. There are hundreds of Hindu shrines along the banks of the river Shipra. Shipra is a perennial river.
Srirangapatna” is the confluence of 3 holy rivers Cauvery River, Lokapavani River & Hemavati River. Enclosed maily around by Cauvery
Nashik is an ancient city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Situated on the banks of river Godavari

Palakkad Gap or Palghat Gap is a low mountain pass in the Western Ghats between Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu and Palakkad in Kerala. It has an average elevation of 140 metres with a width of 24–30 kilometres. The pass is located between the Nilgiri Hills to the north and Anaimalai Hills to the south.

The Ukai Dam, constructed across the Tapi River, is the second largest reservoir in Gujarat after the Sardar Sarovar. It is also known as Vallabh Sagar.
The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh near Srisailam temple town and is the 2nd largest capacity working hydroelectric station in the country.
Uri Dam is a 480 MW hydroelectric power station on the Jhelum River near Uri in Baramula district of the Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located very near to the Line of Control, the de facto border between India and Pakistan.

The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland water body. The sea covers roughly 143,200 square miles (371,000 square kilometers) and borders five countries: Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.

Violent thunderstorms in the Gangetic plains of India are locally known as Kal Baisakhi or Nor’westers. These localised events are generally associated with thunderstorms accompanied by strong squally winds and torrential rainfall.
Kal Baisakhi originates over Bihar and Jharkhand area, moves eastwards and strikes West Bengal and Odisha. These are extremely severe in nature and takes Chhattisgarh under its purview as well.
Kal Baisakhi definitely brings destruction in terms of lightning, thunderstorm, hailstorm and rainfall. However, it is extremely helpful for the pre-Kharif crops like jute, paddy and a large number of vegetables and fruits. It gives the much desired relief after mid-day heat and pours well on the thirsty soil for development of crops.

Mizoram is also known as Molasses basin because it is made up of unconsolidated deposits.
The unconsolidated sediments are deposits which were formed by secondary sedimentation of previously weathered rocks and redeposition of their fragments, and/or by chemical and biochemical precipitation from solutions.