DAY 108Quick read

Recently, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released ‘Emissions Gap Report’, according to which India is the fourth-largest emitter of GreenHouse Gases (GHGs).
Sectors that are the largest emitters- Energy>Industry>Forestry>Transport>Agriculture>Building.

India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to be achieved primarily, by 2030
To reduce the emissions intensity of the GDP by about a third.
A total of 40% of the installed capacity for electricity will be from non-fossil fuel sources.
India also promised an additional carbon sink (a means to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere) of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by the year 2030.

The BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes (ISFL) is a multilateral facility that promotes and rewards reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased sequestration through better land management, including REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation), climate smart agriculture, and smarter land use planning and policies.
The BioCarbon Fund ISFL is a multilateral facility, supported by donor governments and managed by the World Bank.
The BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes was established in 2013.

The IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme was managed from 1991 by the IPCC WG I in close collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) until its transfer to the IPCC’s Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (TFI) based in Japan in 1999.
Objective:To develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology and software for the calculation and reporting of national GHG emissions and removals and to encourage the widespread use of this methodology by countries participating in the IPCC and by signatories of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

The Bureau was constituted by amendment to the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. It has been envisaged as a multi – disciplinary statutory body that will have officials from forests, police, customs and other similar agencies. The constitution is specified in Section 38 (Y) of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
The Headquarters of the Bureau is at New Delhi. The Bureau has its regional offices at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Jabalpur. It also has 3 sub-regional offices at Guwahati, Cochin and Amritsar and 5 Border Units at Gorakhpur, Motihari, Nathula, Moreh and Ramanathpuram.

The Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Mollem, a town in Goa. Located in the midst of the Western Ghats this sanctuary is enveloped by picturesque forests. This is one of those wildlife sanctuaries in India that possesses both historical and geographical significance.

It is a hub for bird watchers as it’s bestowed with diverse flora and fauna. This sanctuary is a cosy home for a number of animals that include the gaur, sambar, leopards, spotted Deer, slender toris, jungle cats, Malayan giant squirrels, pythons and cobras.

There is a Devil’s Canyon Viewpoint from where one can easily admire the wildlife at this park.

Betla National Park is a national park located on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Palamu district of Jharkhand
Pench National Park is a national park in India’s Madhya Pradesh state, established in 1975
Murlen National Park is a national park located in the Champhai district Mizoram in India. The size of the park area is 200 km². The park is situated about 245 km east of Aizawl, and is close to the Chin Hills. It lies north of Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary in the same district.

Biological Diversity Act 2002 mandates all local bodies to set up Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC).
AWBI is a statutory advisory body established in 1962 under Section 4 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. It frames a range of rules on how animals ought to be humanely treated everywhere.
Wildlife Crime Control Bureau a statutory body established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to combat organised wildlife crime. The Wild Life Amendment Act, 2006 provisions came into force on 4 September 2006. It became operational in the year 2008.

Temperature, a major abiotic factor affects the metabolism, activity and so many other physiological functions of the organism.
On the basis of temperature tolerance, an organism can be classified as eurythermal and stenothermal.
(i) Eurythermal organisms can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures.
(ii) Stenothermal organisms tolerate only a narrow range of temperatures.

National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources is non-statutory body
National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), formerly National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII) is located in Bangalore, Hebbal in the same premises at which The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (CIBC), Indian Station was established in 1957.
Institute Mandate
·To act as a nodal agency for collection, characterization, documentation, conservation, exchange, research and utilization of agriculturally important insect resources (including mites, spiders and related arthropods) and insect derived resources for sustainable agriculture.
·Capacity building, development of technologies for non chemical pest management, dissemination of technologies and forging linkages with stakeholders.