DAY 91Quick read

The Tebhaga movement is probably the greatest peasant movement in the history of India. The Tebhaga movement was a movement of the sharecroppers of Bengal demanding two-thirds instead of half as their produce.
All India Kisan Sabha, was the name of the peasants front of the Communist Party of India, an important peasant movement formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in 1936.

Deoband movement-1866-67

To liberalize Indian Islam and modernize Indian Muslims through religious reinterpretation, social reform and modem education, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded Aligarh Movement (1875) at Aligarh.

Ahmadiyya, officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama’at, is an Islamic revival or messianic movement founded in Punjab, British India, in the late 19th century(1889)

Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam, also known in short as Ahrar, is a religious Muslim political party in the Indian subcontinent that was formed during the British Raj on 29 December 1929 at Lahore.

The Indian Councils Act 1861 was passed by British Parliament on 1st August 1861 to make substantial changes in the composition of the Governor General’s council for executive & legislative purposes. The most significant feature of this Act was the association of Indians with the legislation work.

In 1835 Sir Charles Metcalfe restored the freedom of the Press with the passing of the Press Law. “Freedom of “Public discussion,” said Metcalfe, “which is nothing more than the freedom of speaking aloud, is a right belonging to the people which no government has a right to withhold.”

Sir John Shore submitted his report in 1789. On the basis of the report, Cornwallis introduced land revenue settlement for ten years with Zamindars in 1789 but the same was made permanent in 1793 by the proclamation of Cornwallis and it was known as Permanent Land Revenue settlement.

In 1917 the Government appointed the Calcutta University Commission to study and report on the problem of university education. The commission is also known as the Sadler Commission after the name of its chairman Dr. Michael E. Sadler, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Leeds.

The Shore Temple which was built during 700 – 728 AD has stood the test of times. Once a busy village port of Mahabalipuram is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Tamil Nadu.

Thought to have been built between the 5th and 8th century C.E., the five Hindu and two Buddhist caves collectively known as the Elephanta Caves

The Barabar Hill Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, dating from the Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE), some with Ashokan inscriptions

Hoysaleswara temple, also referred simply as the Halebidu temple, is a 12th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva.

‘Mara Vijaya’ painting is found in Ajanta caves. Mara is the demon who tries to disturb the penance of Buddha. He sends his daughters to distract and seduce him. While Buddha pays no heed to the entire episode. 

Ravana Chhaya, Orissa

The most theatrically exciting is the Ravana Chhaya of Orissa.  The puppets are in one piece and have no joints. They are not coloured, hence throw opaque shadows on the screen. 

Kundhei,Orissa

The string puppets of Orissa are known as Kundhei. 

Kathputli, Rajasthan The traditional marionettes of Rajasthan are known as Kathputli. Carved from a single piece of wood, these puppets are like large dolls that are colourfully dressed.

Mohiniattam means “Dance of the Sorceress,” which is the only dance form of Kerala, performed by female dancers. Mohiniattam adheres to the Lasya type that showcases a more graceful, gentle and feminine form of dancing. It derives its name from the word ‘Mohini’, a female avatar of Lord Vishnu. It is related to the ‘Lashya’ style, which is feminine, soft and beautiful. The acting emphasised by a serpent, and on the claw is acting up and down, which is similar to the waves of the sea and the slopes of pond plants in coconut palm trees or the farm.

The Sangam literature includes Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named – Silappathikaram and Manimegalai .

Pathinenkilkanakku contains eighteen works about ethics and morals. The most important among these works is Tirukkural authored by Thiruvalluvar, the tamil great poet and philosopher