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Land reforms were primarily aimed at increasing productivity and decreasing poverty. It refers to the redistribution of land from the few who have to the many who are landless or own far too little. It also promoted removal of rural poverty, social equality through economic parity.

The Green revolution promoted intense use of chemical fertilizers. However it led to over exploitation of ground water and land degradation.
Further, rural electrification, agriculture mechanization and rural credit also facilitated implementation of Green revolution.

Green revolution spread rice cultivation to Punjab, Haryana and wheat cultivation to Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan. Further, the requirement of machineries and fertilizers led to industrial growth.
However, it increased regional disparity. While western states prospered, eastern states couldn’t compete with large scale cultivation. Further, it also increased inequality between small and large farmers since only the large farmers had access to irrigation, fertilizers and high yield variety seeds.

Precision Farming- It is concerned with using fewer resources and reducing the production cost, by analysing the variation in various aspects of field and environment like- weather, Soil, vegetation, water
Micro-irrigation System- It enables optimal synergies of 3 components of Green Revolution-improved seed, water and fertilizer.
Green Agriculture- A system of agriculture based upon, integrated pest management, integrated nutrient management and it does not eliminate the use of minimum quantities of fertilizer and chemical pesticides.

India is the second largest producer of fish and freshwater fish in the world. Constituting about 6.3% of the global fish production, the sector contributes to 1.1% of the GDP and 5.15% of the agricultural GDP. India has vast potential for fisheries considering long coastline of about 8118 km, and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 2.02 million sq Km apart from the inland water resources.

Iron ores in India are concentrated in areas of Karnataka, Odisha, Jharkhand. India is the fifth largest exporter of iron ore in the world. We export about 50 to 60 percent of our total iron ore production to countries like Japan, Korea, European countries and lately to Gulf countries. Japan is the biggest buyer of Indian iron ore accounting for about three-fourths of our total exports. Major ports handling iron ore export are Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, Marmagao and Mangalore. They also provide the much needed raw material for the steel industry, automobile sector.

Solution (c)
The DEP will also include strategy to enhance logistics and infrastructure at the district level and better utilization of the Market Access Initiative (MAI) Scheme. It also provides for suitably gathering district level commodity and services exports data including through GSTN and Customs ICEGATE System and publishing District Export Matrix for each district on a quarterly basis by the State Government.

This place has extreme conditions of heat (daily temperatures soar over 45 degrees Celsius even in winters) and dryness that the study experts have proposed it as a terrestrial analogue of early Mars. The importance of this finding is that it could help us understand the limits of habitability of life on Earth despite the presence of liquid water.

The sugauli treaty defined river Mahakali as the western border of Nepal. Cause of the dispute is that India claims that the river begins in Kalapani as this is where all its tributaries merge, whereas Nepal claims that the river begins from Lipulekh Pass, the origin of most of its tributaries. Thus Nepal claims that the Limpiyadhura, Lipulekh and Kalapani areas shown in India’s maps lie within its territory.