DAY 53Quick read

Explanation: Legal Services includes providing Free Legal Aid to those weaker sections of the society who fall within the purview of Section 12 of the Legal Services Authority Act, 1987.
A woman is entitled for free legal aid irrespective of her income or financial status. A woman is eligible to apply for free legal aid by virtue of Section 12(c) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
A child is eligible for free legal aid till the age of majority i.e. 18 years. This is effectuated by Section 12 (c) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
Senior citizens’ eligibility for free legal aid depends on the Rules framed by the respective State Governments in this regard.
In Delhi for example, senior citizens are eligible for free legal aid subject to the prescribed ceiling of annual income. Any individual above the age of 60 can apply for free legal aid/services.

NALSA along with other Legal Services Institutions conducts Lok Adalats. Lok Adalat is one of the alternative dispute redressal mechanisms, it is a forum where disputes/cases pending in the court of law or at pre-litigation stage are settled/ compromised amicably. Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat. If a matter pending in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is settled subsequently, the court fee originally paid in the court on the complaints/petition is also refunded back to the parties.

The constitutional provision is contained in Article 222: ‘The President, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, may transfer a judge from one High Court to any other High Court.

Explanation:
Article 21 of the Constitution of India – Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Article 21 reads as:
“No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to a procedure established by law.”
Due Process of law
Fair just and reasonable treatment through the normal judicial system, especially a citizen’s entitlement to notice of a charge and a hearing before an impartial judge.
Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it.

Explanation:
Ecotone
A zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems. For e.g. the mangrove
forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
Characteristics of Ecotone
It may be very narrow or quite wide. It has the conditions intermediate to the adjacent ecosystems. Hence it is a zone of tension.
It is linear as it shows progressive increase in species composition of one in coming
community and a simultaneous decrease in species of the other outgoing adjoining
community.

Explanation:
Saprotrophs-An organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter.
An example of a saprotrophic animal would be fungi, mushrooms, bacteria.
Viruses invade other organisms, but they are not decomposers.

Explanation:
Biosphere
A part of the earth where life can exist.
Represents a highly integrated and interacting zone comprising of atmosphere (air),hydrosphere (water) and lithosphere (land)
Life in the biosphere is abundant between 200 metres (660 feet) below the surface of the ocean and about 6,000 metres (20,000 feet) above sea level.
Absent at extremes of the North and South poles.
Living organisms are not uniformly distributed throughout the biosphere
Other statements are true.

Explanation:
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) recently announced the conclusion of a six month exercise of conducting a “whole-genome sequence” of 1,008 Indians.
Under “IndiGen”, the CSIR drafted about 1,000 youth from a pool of about 5,000 and included representatives from every State and diverse ethnicities.

The electoral bonds were introduced with the Finance Bill (2017) and in January, 2018 the Electoral Bond Scheme was notified.
Any party that is registered under section 29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and has secured at least one percent of the votes polled in the most recent General elections or Assembly elections is eligible to receive electoral bonds.
The party will be allotted a verified account by the ECI and the electoral bond transactions can be made only through this account.
Context: In news: The Election Commission (ECI) and the RBI have recently expressed reservations about the Electoral Bonds scheme.

Free Trade Areas (FTA) are created when two or more countries in a region agree to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade on all goods coming from other members. E.g. The North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Customs Union involves the removal of tariff barriers between members, together with the acceptance of a common (unified) external tariff against non-members. E.g. Gulf Cooperation Council .
Common Market is the most significant step towards full economic integration. Here all barriers are eliminated to allow the free movement of goods, services, capital, and labour. In addition, non-tariff barriers are also reduced and eliminated. E.g. Mercosur

Context: India has declined to join RCEP