DAY 31Quick read

•The early nineteenth century was marked by the transformation of the Indian society and the initiative for such reforms came from individuals who revolted against the prescribed rules of the society.
•These reformers though gained from western education were not West-sponsored but they themselves created the reforms and promoted them.
•It is also undeniable that the reform movements had a strong intellectual base which kept them aloof from the masses and were confined to the educated sections of the society.
•The reforms were not meant to structurally reorganize the whole society for the benefit of the underprivileged or the depressed sections of the society. The aim of the reforms was to infuse a new life into the existing social structure.
•It has been noted by most historians that the issues dealt with by the social reformers in the early part of the nineteenth century were applicable and common to the higher classes of the Hindu society and had no meaning for the lower classes.
•The movements of the later part of the nineteenth century along with those of the twentieth century were the ones that reached across to the wider society including the lower and depressed sections of the society.

•Henry Lui Vivian Derozio founded the Young Bengal Movement.
•They cherished the ideals of the French Revolution (1789 A.D.) and the liberal thinking of Britain.
•The Young Bengal Movement continued even after Derozio’s dismissal and his sudden death. Though deprived of leadership, the members of this group continued preaching radical views through teaching and journalism.

An important movement particularly significant for the emancipation of the so-called backward and oppressed sections of Indian society was started by Shree Narayana Guru (1854-1928) in Kerala. In 1903 he founded the Shree narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP) to carry on the work of social reform. Shree Narayana Guru considered differences based on caste and religion as meaningless and advocated preached the doctrine of “One religion, one caste and one God for mankind”.

Sambad Kaumudi and Mirat-ul-Akbar are publications of Raja Ram Mohan Roy

•The Constitution provides that the Rajya Sabha shall consist of 250 members, of which 12 members shall be nominated by the President from amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service Anglo Indian repress.
•Two members are to be nominated by the president from the Anglo-Indian community in LS, not in RS

•Forty-Seventh Amendment Act, 1984 – Included 14 land reforms Acts of various states in the Ninth Schedule.
•Sixty-First Amendment Act, 1989 -Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years for the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly elections.
•Sixty-Sixth Amendment Act, 1990- Included 55 more land reforms Acts of various states in the Ninth Schedule.
•Ninety-Sixth Amendment Act, 2011- Substituted “Odia” for “Oriya”. Consequently, the “Oriya” language in the Eighth Schedule shall be pronounced as “Odia”.

Statement 1 and 2: Though the Constitution has abandoned the system of communal representation, it provides for the reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the Lok Sabha on the basis of population ratios.
Statement 3 and 4: There is no reservation for OBCs and EWS in Lok Sabha. Please note that reservation policy applicable only to LS i.e, there is no reservation in RS even for SCs and STs.

Statement 1: Constitution has not fixed the term of office of members of the Rajya Sabha. Via, Representation of the People Act (1951), the term of office of a member of the Rajya Sabha shall be six years.
Statement 2: MPs can get re-elected
Statement 3: There are certain disqualification grounds for MPs as per 10th schedule.

Eligibility: Senior Citizens, belonging to BPL category and suffering from any of the age related disability/infirmity viz. Low vision, Hearing impairment, Loss of teeth and Locomotor disability will be provided with such assisted-living devices which can restore near normalcy in their bodily functions, overcoming the disability/infirmity manifested. The Scheme is expected to benefit all Senior Citizens across the country.

The bill does not provide reservation